What is the first step in deciding whether to go international?
a) Deciding how to enter the market
b) Evaluating global market potential
c) Deciding whether to go abroad
d) Choosing target countries
Answer: c) Deciding whether to go abroad

According to Kotler, companies go global primarily to:
a) Reduce domestic competition
b) Gain new customers and increase revenue
c) Cut costs on local marketing
d) Avoid taxes
Answer: b) Gain new customers and increase revenue

Which of the following is a risk of entering global markets?
a) Access to new technologies
b) Political instability
c) Economies of scale
d) Brand diversification
Answer: b) Political instability

What does “global marketing” mean in Kotler’s context?
a) Standardizing all marketing strategies globally
b) Using a global view to integrate worldwide marketing activities
c) Focusing only on the domestic market
d) Outsourcing marketing functions
Answer: b) Using a global view to integrate worldwide marketing activities

Which of the following is NOT a method of entering foreign markets?
a) Exporting
b) Licensing
c) Franchising
d) Outsourcing
Answer: d) Outsourcing

Direct exporting means:
a) Using intermediaries to sell abroad
b) Selling through domestic agents
c) Selling directly to foreign buyers
d) Licensing foreign firms to sell
Answer: c) Selling directly to foreign buyers

Indirect exporting refers to:
a) Exporting through independent intermediaries
b) Owning a subsidiary abroad
c) Setting up a joint venture
d) Manufacturing abroad
Answer: a) Exporting through independent intermediaries

Which entry strategy gives the firm most control over foreign operations?
a) Licensing
b) Joint venture
c) Direct investment
d) Franchising
Answer: c) Direct investment

Which entry mode requires the least commitment and risk?
a) Joint venture
b) Direct investment
c) Exporting
d) Licensing
Answer: c) Exporting

In licensing, a company:
a) Sells its brand to a foreign firm
b) Allows another firm to use its patents or processes
c) Sells directly to consumers
d) Buys a foreign company
Answer: b) Allows another firm to use its patents or processes

A joint venture is formed when:
a) Two or more companies share ownership and control
b) One company licenses another
c) A firm exports products directly
d) A company merges with a competitor
Answer: a) Two or more companies share ownership and control

A major disadvantage of licensing is:
a) High setup cost
b) Loss of control over technology
c) Need for local staff
d) Cultural adaptation
Answer: b) Loss of control over technology

Direct investment abroad offers:
a) Highest risk and highest return
b) Lowest risk and lowest return
c) Moderate risk
d) Minimal control
Answer: a) Highest risk and highest return

Which factor most influences international market attractiveness?
a) Company size
b) Market potential
c) Domestic GDP
d) Product lifecycle
Answer: b) Market potential

Which environmental factor is NOT part of the global marketing environment?
a) Economic
b) Political
c) Psychological
d) Cultural
Answer: c) Psychological

A standardized global marketing strategy emphasizes:
a) Uniform products and marketing worldwide
b) Local customization
c) Multiple brand identities
d) High costs
Answer: a) Uniform products and marketing worldwide

What is “adapted global marketing”?
a) Developing a uniform marketing mix globally
b) Customizing marketing for each target market
c) Outsourcing production
d) Reducing costs through automation
Answer: b) Customizing marketing for each target market

Which strategy aims to balance standardization and adaptation?
a) Glocalization
b) Localization
c) Multinational strategy
d) Domestic marketing
Answer: a) Glocalization

What is the major challenge of global marketing?
a) Managing cultural differences
b) Economies of scale
c) Product standardization
d) Price competition
Answer: a) Managing cultural differences

What does “tariff” mean in global trade?
a) Tax on imported goods
b) Subsidy for exporters
c) Price discount
d) Shipping fee
Answer: a) Tax on imported goods

Which organization promotes global trade liberalization?
a) IMF
b) WTO
c) OECD
d) UNCTAD
Answer: b) WTO

Free trade zones are created to:
a) Limit international trade
b) Facilitate cross-border commerce
c) Increase tariffs
d) Restrict foreign investments
Answer: b) Facilitate cross-border commerce

A company that sees the world as one market is called:
a) Ethnocentric
b) Polycentric
c) Geocentric
d) Regiocentric
Answer: c) Geocentric

Which is an example of a regional free trade agreement?
a) OPEC
b) NAFTA
c) IMF
d) WHO
Answer: b) NAFTA

What is a cultural barrier in global marketing?
a) Language differences
b) Distribution cost
c) Exchange rate
d) Political regulation
Answer: a) Language differences

An ethnocentric approach to global marketing means:
a) Standardizing products globally
b) Believing domestic methods are superior
c) Fully adapting to foreign markets
d) Outsourcing local management
Answer: b) Believing domestic methods are superior

Polycentric marketing refers to:
a) Customizing marketing to each country
b) Centralized global control
c) Ignoring local needs
d) Exporting only
Answer: a) Customizing marketing to each country

Which pricing strategy is used in global markets?
a) Uniform pricing
b) Market-based pricing
c) Cost-plus pricing
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above

Dumping occurs when:
a) A company sells products abroad below cost
b) A company raises prices abroad
c) A firm stops exporting
d) Import tariffs increase
Answer: a) A company sells products abroad below cost

The main goal of global branding is to:
a) Build consistent brand equity worldwide
b) Focus on local products
c) Reduce marketing costs
d) Avoid competition
Answer: a) Build consistent brand equity worldwide

Which factor affects global distribution decisions?
a) Infrastructure quality
b) Exchange rate
c) Product life cycle
d) Competitor pricing
Answer: a) Infrastructure quality

A gray market involves:
a) Unauthorized reselling of branded goods
b) Local legal distribution
c) Government trading
d) Barter exchange
Answer: a) Unauthorized reselling of branded goods

Global product adaptation is necessary when:
a) Consumer preferences vary widely
b) Products are standardized
c) Production costs are low
d) Markets are identical
Answer: a) Consumer preferences vary widely

Which communication challenge is unique to global marketing?
a) Language translation errors
b) Digital advertising
c) Media planning
d) Brand awareness
Answer: a) Language translation errors

Global marketers use segmentation to:
a) Identify homogeneous groups of consumers worldwide
b) Increase production
c) Avoid advertising
d) Reduce prices
Answer: a) Identify homogeneous groups of consumers worldwide

The global marketing mix includes:
a) Product, price, place, promotion
b) Planning, policy, process, performance
c) People, purpose, positioning, policy
d) Price, profit, performance, product
Answer: a) Product, price, place, promotion

Global advertising must focus on:
a) Cultural relevance and sensitivity
b) Cost efficiency
c) Brand awareness only
d) Standardized slogans
Answer: a) Cultural relevance and sensitivity

An advantage of global marketing standardization is:
a) Lower marketing costs
b) Increased flexibility
c) Better localization
d) Niche appeal
Answer: a) Lower marketing costs

Which factor influences global pricing most?
a) Exchange rates
b) Brand reputation
c) Competitor actions
d) Product quality
Answer: a) Exchange rates

In Kotler’s view, successful global marketers must:
a) Balance global consistency with local responsiveness
b) Focus solely on domestic customers
c) Avoid adapting marketing
d) Outsource management
Answer: a) Balance global consistency with local responsiveness

An example of countertrade is:
a) Bartering goods for goods
b) Paying with currency
c) Licensing technology
d) Selling online
Answer: a) Bartering goods for goods

Which factor determines global market entry speed?
a) Competitive intensity
b) Product type
c) Entry mode
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above

Political risk in international marketing arises from:
a) Unstable government policies
b) Consumer preferences
c) Climate change
d) Logistics issues
Answer: a) Unstable government policies

Which of the following helps companies reduce global risk?
a) Diversifying markets
b) Focusing only on one region
c) Ignoring regulations
d) Using a single supplier
Answer: a) Diversifying markets

Which is an example of a non-tariff barrier?
a) Quota restrictions
b) Import duty
c) Subsidy
d) Export tax
Answer: a) Quota restrictions

Which of the following is a benefit of global sourcing?
a) Lower production costs
b) Increased lead time
c) Reduced quality
d) Limited supplier base
Answer: a) Lower production costs

Global supply chain management involves:
a) Coordinating logistics worldwide
b) Domestic distribution only
c) Outsourcing marketing
d) Hiring local staff only
Answer: a) Coordinating logistics worldwide

An example of a successful global brand is:
a) Coca-Cola
b) Walmart
c) Tata Power
d) Nestlé India
Answer: a) Coca-Cola

The greatest advantage of global diversification is:
a) Risk reduction through market spread
b) Higher advertising cost
c) Lower global coordination
d) Declining economies of scale
Answer: a) Risk reduction through market spread

The key to success in global marketing is:
a) Understanding local markets while maintaining global vision
b) Focusing only on home strategies
c) Avoiding adaptation
d) Reducing marketing investments
Answer: a) Understanding local markets while maintaining global vision

Why do firms pursue international expansion?
a) To avoid local regulations
b) To achieve growth beyond saturated domestic markets
c) To reduce product quality
d) To limit competition
Answer: b) To achieve growth beyond saturated domestic markets

Which term describes the movement of goods and services across national borders?
a) Domestic trade
b) Global trade
c) Local exchange
d) Retail commerce
Answer: b) Global trade

A firm that operates in multiple countries with centralized coordination is called a:
a) Multinational company
b) Regional firm
c) Domestic enterprise
d) National exporter
Answer: a) Multinational company

Which of the following is an advantage of global marketing?
a) Reduced operational control
b) Economies of scale in production and marketing
c) Increased tariff exposure
d) Reduced consumer insight
Answer: b) Economies of scale in production and marketing

A company following the “Born Global” model:
a) Focuses only on domestic markets first
b) Targets global markets from inception
c) Expands regionally before global entry
d) Avoids foreign partnerships
Answer: b) Targets global markets from inception

Which of the following best represents the “global value chain”?
a) A firm’s domestic logistics
b) Coordinated international activities adding value at each stage
c) Outsourcing HR functions
d) Exporting consumer data
Answer: b) Coordinated international activities adding value at each stage

The term “market entry mode” refers to:
a) The way a company enters foreign markets
b) A country’s import rules
c) Consumer adoption speed
d) Competitive barriers
Answer: a) The way a company enters foreign markets

When a firm sells products through a foreign distributor, it uses:
a) Indirect export
b) Direct investment
c) Licensing
d) Franchising
Answer: a) Indirect export

Which of the following best describes franchising?
a) Selling a license to operate under an established brand
b) Exporting goods through intermediaries
c) Direct manufacturing abroad
d) Outsourcing advertising
Answer: a) Selling a license to operate under an established brand

What does a “strategic alliance” provide companies?
a) Shared resources and risk reduction
b) Complete control and autonomy
c) Short-term profits only
d) Elimination of competition
Answer: a) Shared resources and risk reduction

A global firm that views the world as a single market adopts which orientation?
a) Ethnocentric
b) Polycentric
c) Geocentric
d) Regionalcentric
Answer: c) Geocentric

What is the core benefit of a global brand strategy?
a) Consistent brand identity worldwide
b) Total price uniformity
c) Limited reach
d) Regional isolation
Answer: a) Consistent brand identity worldwide

Cultural adaptation in marketing ensures:
a) Messages resonate with local audiences
b) Lower costs only
c) Uniform advertising globally
d) Reduced product range
Answer: a) Messages resonate with local audiences

When entering a developing market, firms should primarily consider:
a) Local buying power and infrastructure
b) Domestic taxation
c) Competitor headcount
d) Exchange-rate history only
Answer: a) Local buying power and infrastructure

In Kotler’s model, internationalization follows which sequence?
a) No export → Indirect → Direct → Subsidiary
b) Local → National → Domestic → Export
c) Import → Manufacture → Export → Domestic
d) Retail → Wholesale → Global
Answer: a) No export → Indirect → Direct → Subsidiary

Which is a key driver of globalization?
a) Advances in communication and technology
b) Trade barriers
c) Political isolation
d) Cultural resistance
Answer: a) Advances in communication and technology

Exchange-rate volatility affects which marketing element most?
a) Pricing decisions
b) Product design
c) Promotion
d) Distribution structure
Answer: a) Pricing decisions

What is an important consideration when pricing for global markets?
a) Local income levels and purchasing power
b) Global media trends
c) CEO salary ratio
d) Domestic interest rates only
Answer: a) Local income levels and purchasing power

The main challenge of global distribution is:
a) Managing multiple intermediaries and logistics systems
b) Domestic warehousing only
c) Maintaining identical costs
d) Minimizing suppliers
Answer: a) Managing multiple intermediaries and logistics systems

What role do global trade agreements play?
a) Simplify trade rules among member nations
b) Eliminate competition
c) Enforce domestic production
d) Restrict imports
Answer: a) Simplify trade rules among member nations

A firm entering multiple regions simultaneously follows:
a) Waterfall strategy
b) Sprinkler strategy
c) Stepwise expansion
d) Sequential model
Answer: b) Sprinkler strategy

Which factor discourages firms from going global?
a) Political instability and tariffs
b) Economies of scale
c) Brand awareness
d) Growth opportunities
Answer: a) Political instability and tariffs

In global marketing, “standardization” mainly benefits firms through:
a) Cost efficiency and consistent image
b) Increased localization cost
c) Cultural detachment
d) Niche limitation
Answer: a) Cost efficiency and consistent image

Which concept describes the adaptation of global brands to local tastes?
a) Glocalization
b) Standardization
c) Ethnocentrism
d) Regionalism
Answer: a) Glocalization

The primary reason for international product adaptation is:
a) Cultural and regulatory differences
b) Cost reduction
c) Resource availability
d) Management preferences
Answer: a) Cultural and regulatory differences

Global market segmentation helps firms:
a) Identify profitable consumer groups worldwide
b) Eliminate competition
c) Reduce product features
d) Avoid marketing research
Answer: a) Identify profitable consumer groups worldwide

A company that sets up local manufacturing to reduce logistics costs practices:
a) Direct investment
b) Exporting
c) Licensing
d) Franchising
Answer: a) Direct investment

In international trade, a “quota” refers to:
a) Restriction on quantity of goods imported
b) Currency limit
c) Tax incentive
d) Product standardization
Answer: a) Restriction on quantity of goods imported

Which pricing approach considers transportation and tariffs?
a) CIF pricing
b) Uniform pricing
c) Skimming
d) Penetration
Answer: a) CIF pricing

Why is cultural intelligence vital in global marketing?
a) It enhances understanding of consumer behavior
b) It minimizes labor costs
c) It replaces localization
d) It avoids advertising altogether
Answer: a) It enhances understanding of consumer behavior

Global advertising campaigns succeed when they:
a) Balance local relevance with global consistency
b) Ignore local language
c) Focus on domestic appeal
d) Rely on humor only
Answer: a) Balance local relevance with global consistency

A transnational company aims to:
a) Integrate global efficiency with local responsiveness
b) Focus only on home operations
c) Use uniform HR policies
d) Avoid innovation
Answer: a) Integrate global efficiency with local responsiveness

Which factor determines choice of foreign entry mode?
a) Risk tolerance and resource commitment
b) Corporate culture only
c) Domestic demand
d) Competitor goodwill
Answer: a) Risk tolerance and resource commitment

Global firms often use which digital strategy?
a) Centralized website with local language options
b) Independent domestic pages only
c) Removing customer service online
d) Manual outreach
Answer: a) Centralized website with local language options

A major ethical issue in global marketing is:
a) Bribery and corruption in local markets
b) Currency appreciation
c) Consumer demand shifts
d) Product quality control
Answer: a) Bribery and corruption in local markets

Market potential analysis in international marketing involves:
a) Assessing demand, competition, and environment
b) Estimating only sales volume
c) Ignoring socio-political factors
d) Comparing brand slogans
Answer: a) Assessing demand, competition, and environment

Which of these is a sociocultural factor affecting global entry?
a) Religion and traditions
b) Tax structure
c) GDP growth
d) Exchange rate
Answer: a) Religion and traditions

The biggest challenge of global product standardization is:
a) Failing to meet local needs
b) Reduced cost
c) Brand confusion
d) Supply chain delays
Answer: a) Failing to meet local needs

Companies facing high import duties should consider:
a) Local production through direct investment
b) Raising prices globally
c) Cutting promotions
d) Switching markets
Answer: a) Local production through direct investment

Which factor supports faster international adoption of products?
a) Technological compatibility
b) Cultural distance
c) Political tension
d) Trade restrictions
Answer: a) Technological compatibility

Global companies use which approach for consistent corporate image?
a) Unified brand identity
b) Separate brand names for each market
c) Region-specific advertising only
d) Random rebranding
Answer: a) Unified brand identity

The role of international marketing research is to:
a) Understand consumer needs and reduce risk
b) Replace local staff
c) Control competitors
d) Lower production costs
Answer: a) Understand consumer needs and reduce risk

In global trade, FDI stands for:
a) Foreign Direct Investment
b) Foreign Domestic Imports
c) Fixed Demand Index
d) Fiscal Data Integration
Answer: a) Foreign Direct Investment

Which of the following drives firms toward globalization?
a) Competitive pressure
b) Labor unions
c) Local demand only
d) Currency depreciation
Answer: a) Competitive pressure

A key success factor for global marketing teams is:
a) Cross-cultural communication competence
b) Homogeneous background
c) Top-down control
d) Isolated decision making
Answer: a) Cross-cultural communication competence

Kotler suggests global marketers balance:
a) Standardization and adaptation
b) Sales and distribution
c) Ethics and pricing
d) Leadership and followership
Answer: a) Standardization and adaptation

Which of the following is an indicator of global market readiness?
a) Product differentiation, brand strength, and resources
b) Domestic monopoly
c) Regional restrictions
d) High import barriers
Answer: a) Product differentiation, brand strength, and resources

A firm that delays global expansion to perfect its home base follows:
a) Waterfall strategy
b) Sprinkler strategy
c) Leapfrog model
d) Fusion model
Answer: a) Waterfall strategy

The most critical factor in post-entry success is:
a) Continuous local market learning and adaptation
b) Centralized control
c) Cost cutting only
d) Static global strategy
Answer: a) Continuous local market learning and adaptation

Ultimately, tapping into global markets enables firms to:
a) Achieve growth, resilience, and innovation through worldwide opportunities
b) Focus narrowly on home customers
c) Avoid cultural learning
d) Depend on one market only
Answer: a) Achieve growth, resilience, and innovation through worldwide opportunities