1. The tendency to interpret information in a way that fits our preconceptions is called:

2. According to Kotler, repeated exposure to a message can enhance learning through:

3. Which of the following is NOT a key psychological process influencing consumer behavior according to Kotler?

4. According to Kotler, perception is defined as:

5. The process by which consumers change their attitudes or behavior based on new information is called:

6. Motivation is most closely explained in Kotler’s book by which theory?

7. In the buyer’s black box, psychological processes mediate between marketing stimuli and:

8. Which psychological process most directly explains post-purchase evaluation?

9. In Pavlov’s classical conditioning, learning occurs through:

10. Which process explains why two consumers may interpret the same marketing message differently?